Antibacterial Activity of Golden Teak Leaves Crude Extract (Tectona grandis) Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction Againts Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Teak leaf (Tectona grandis) is common tropical tree leaf in Indonesia dan the main forestry industrial organic waste problem. Researchers have revealed active phenolic compounds of Teak leave extract and so is its antimicrobial activity, such as tectoquinone, tannic acid, dan gallic acid. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in Teak leaves crude extract application. Despite of enormous wood production, development of Teak leaves extraction has low interest due to ineffective and inefficient method as its high cost and low yield. MAE (Microwave-Assisted Extraction) is novel method of extraction using microwave to effectively and efficiently rupture cell. MAE is expected to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of Teak leaves crude extraction process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extraction time and solvent:material ratio (v/w) toward Teak leaves crude extract antibacterial activity.

Block randomized design was used to study the effect of two factors and three levels, extraction time (0, 60, and 120 seconds) and solvent:material ratio (v/w) (2:1, 3:1, and 4:1). Nine extractions were required to cover all possible combination. Antibacterial activity was tested triplet using well diffusion agar assay method. Total phenol content was examined using Folin-Ciocalteau method. Recovered yield was observed by comparing extract phenol compound mass to 100 g fresh Teak leaves. Data was analyzed using ANOVA (α=1%) and Honest Significance Difference test (α=1%).

The results of this research support the idea that MAE increase antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus of Teak leaves crude extract when tested in-vitro. Both extraction time and distilled water volume gave quadratic responses to extract antibacterial activity. Teak leaves crude extract using MAE possessed highest antibacterial activity solvent:material ration at 3:1 (v/w) and 60 seconds microwaving. Extract total phenol content of the best treatment was 359,166±15,914μg/g crude extract. The maximum clear zone diameter against E. coli and S. aureus were 2,100±0,100cm. S. aureus was more susceptible than E. coli towards extract.The recovered extract yield was 0,073% (w/w).

Reference:

Setiawan, Cynthia. 2012. Skripsi. Major Food Science and Technology. Faculty of Agriculture Technology.University of Brawijaya. Malang